Whether it’s for better health, more self-confidence, or just to feel more at ease in their bodies, many women have the common objective of losing weight. While there isn’t a magic bullet for quick and lasting weight loss, there are practical methods that, when used with perseverance and dedication, can help you lose those excess pounds. This comprehensive guide will examine the safest, healthiest, and most effective methods for women to reduce weight quickly.
Prior to learning the procedures, it’s crucial to comprehend the fundamentals of weight loss:
Calories In vs. Calories Out: At its core, weight loss is a matter of needing to expend more calories than you take in. As a result, there is a calorie deficit and weight loss.
Sustainable Changes: Although quick solutions and crash diets may produce benefits quickly, they are frequently unsustainable and may have negative health effects. Success over the long run necessitates steady, sustainable changes to your way of life.
Individual Variation: Each person loses weight differently. Your metabolism, genetics, and hormonal balance are just a few examples of the variables that might affect how quickly you lose weight.
Fastest Way to Lose Weight for Women
1.Healthy Eating: The key to losing weight is a balanced diet. Think about:
Portion Control: Watch your portions to prevent overeating.
Consume a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
Hydration: To stay hydrated and reduce excessive snacking, drink enough water throughout the day.
Limit Processed Foods: Sugary and processed foods, which might be heavy in empty calories, should be limited.
2.Exercise regularly: Physical activity is essential for weight loss. Attempt to achieve a mix of:
Cardiovascular Exercise: Exercises that burn calories include brisk walking, jogging, cycling, and swimming.
Strength training: Adding muscle can speed up metabolism and help people control their weight over the long run.
Balance and Flexibility: Exercises like yoga or Pilates help improve general fitness and foster awareness.
Set Realistic Goals: Establish achievable weight loss goals. Losing 1-2 pounds per week is considered safe and sustainable.
Track Progress: Monitor your food intake and exercise with a journal or smartphone app. Tracking can help you identify areas for improvement.
Get Adequate Sleep: Poor sleep can disrupt hormones related to hunger and appetite control. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night.
Manage Stress: High stress levels can lead to emotional eating. Incorporate stress-reduction techniques like meditation, deep breathing, or hobbies you enjoy.
Seek Professional Guidance: Consulting a registered dietitian or certified fitness trainer can provide personalized guidance and support.
Intermittent Fasting: Some women find success with intermittent fasting, which involves cycling between eating and fasting periods. However, this approach may not be suitable for everyone, so consult a healthcare professional before trying it.
Stay Consistent: Consistency is key. Avoid extreme diets or excessive exercise regimens, as they can lead to burnout and negatively impact your health.
Stay Hydrated: Drinking water not only aids in digestion but can also help control appetite. Sometimes, thirst can be mistaken for hunger.
Mindful Eating: Pay attention to what you eat and savor each bite. Mindful eating can help prevent overeating.
Stay Accountable: Share your weight loss journey with a supportive friend or join a community or group with similar goals.
Medical Considerations: If you have underlying medical conditions or are taking medications, consult your healthcare provider before starting any weight loss program.
Avoid Diet Extremes: Extreme diets that severely restrict calorie intake can be detrimental to health and result in muscle loss. Opt for balanced nutrition instead.
Celebrate Milestones: Celebrate your achievements along the way, whether it’s reaching a certain weight or accomplishing a fitness goal. Positive reinforcement can keep you motivated.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
Extreme calorie restriction can decrease metabolism and result in dietary deficits, thus it’s important to avoid it.
Overeating later in the day might result from skipping meals. Consistently eat balanced meals and snacks.
Impatience: Losing weight requires time. Be patient with yourself and avoid expecting quick results.
Relying on Supplements: Supplements for weight loss might have negative effects and are frequently useless. Instead, concentrate on whole foods.
The Importance of Maintenance
It’s critical to move into a maintenance phase once you’ve met your weight loss objectives. To maintain your desired weight, you must establish a balance between calorie intake and expenditure. Although maintenance may call for dietary and activity modifications, it is crucial for long-term success.
Conclusion
A holistic strategy that incorporates a balanced diet, frequent exercise, and lifestyle adjustments is the fastest way to reduce weight for women. The best long-term and health-conscious approach to obtaining and maintaining a healthy weight, despite the fact that it might not show results right away. Keep in mind that because each person is different, what works best for you might not be the same for others. While trying to lose weight, put your health and wellbeing first.
Real estate has a long history of luring investors, developers, and homeowners. It is frequently recognized as one of the cornerstones of riches. It is a sector that is closely linked to cyclical economic conditions, social shifts, and technological development. We’ll delve into the major trends, obstacles, and possibilities that form this dynamic business in this thorough investigation of real estate.
Real Estate’s Dynamic Landscape: Trends, Issues, and Opportunities
The Global Real Estate Market
The housing market is a vast and diverse biological system that includes residential, commercial, urban, and agricultural properties. It is not constrained by boundaries; given equal circumstances, it operates on a global scale. Housing markets change in response to changing requirements as populations grow, urbanize, and relocate.
For novice investors, residential real estate is frequently the easiest starting point. Factors like population growth, employment rates, and interest rates have an impact on the housing market. In many urban locations, affordability has recently become a serious issue, sparking discussions about housing policy and remedies.
Rise of Smart houses: As a result of technological development, the idea of smart houses has emerged. These homes are outfitted with automation, energy-saving, and security features.
Urbanization: As more people move into cities, the demand for small, well-connected housing options rises.
Sustainable Living: As public awareness of the environment rises, eco-friendly housing and sustainable lifestyles are becoming more fashionable.
Millennials and young professionals‘ requirements are being met by shared housing concepts called co-living and co-housing.
Office buildings, retail establishments, hotels, and industrial assets are all examples of commercial real estate. There have been substantial changes in the office space market:
Impact of Remote Work: The demand for office space is changing as a result of the increase in remote work. Reevaluating office requirements has resulted from flexible work arrangements.
Co-working Spaces: These facilities have grown in popularity and offer adaptable workstations for companies of all sizes.
Sustainability: Green building techniques are increasingly used in commercial real estate, which lowers operational costs and environmental footprints.
Real Estate for Logistics and Industry
The rapid expansion of e-commerce has increased the demand for industrial and logistical real estate:
Demand for Warehousing: To address the needs of online buyers, businesses need to build sizable distribution centers.
Last-Mile Delivery: Investments in urban logistics facilities are driven by the necessity of proximity to urban areas for last-mile delivery.
Challenges in Real Estate
The real estate industry faces several challenges:
Housing affordability is a major issue in many areas, which restricts people’s capacity to become homeowners.
Government rules and regulations can have a big impact on the real estate industry, which can affect investors and developers.
Economic Volatility: Property values and rental incomes are affected by economic cycles, and real estate markets are sensitive to economic ups and downs.
Environmental Concerns: Building techniques are changing as a result of sustainability and climate change concerns, which also have an impact on property prices.
Opportunities in Real Estate
Amid challenges, opportunities abound:
Integration of technology: Real estate technology, or “PropTech,” is revolutionizing the sector with developments like virtual property tours, blockchain-based transactions, and AI-powered property management.
Sustainable real estate ventures can profit from government subsidies and appeal to customers who care about the environment.
Global Investments: By utilizing opportunities in developing markets, investors can use international real estate investments to diversify portfolios.
Short-Term Rentals: The growth of platforms for short-term rentals has given property owners new ways to make money.
Real Estate Investment Strategies
Investors often employ various strategies, including:
Owning residential properties and renting them out to tenants for a consistent rental income is known as long-term rentals.
Fix and Flip: Buying foreclosed homes, renovating them, and then reselling them for a profit.
Investing in publicly traded REITs, which provide diverse exposure to real estate assets, is known as real estate investment trusts, or REITs.
Real estate crowdfunding is the process of using crowdfunding websites to collaborate on real estate projects with other investors.
The Future of Real Estate
The future of real estate is likely to be shaped by:
Urbanization: The demand for mixed-use developments that offer convenience and sustainability will rise as urbanization continues.
Integration of technology: From smart houses to blockchain-based transactions, proptech will continue to improve the real estate experience.
Sustainability: Ecologically responsible practices will be expected and will have an impact on design, building, and operation.
Demographic Change: Aging populations and urbanization will have an impact on housing and community designs.
Real estate continues to be a crucial component of our lives and a cornerstone of investing. It constantly adjusts to societal, technological, and economic developments thanks to its dynamic character. To succeed in this constantly changing business, investors, developers, and purchasers must handle both possibilities and problems.
Subtlest claim that the time limit was reinstated as a result of battles in the Imphal valley between groups of so-called vigilantes, including ‘Meira Paibis,’ who demanded the arrival of five men.
More than 10 people were hurt on Thursday as a result of security forces firing poison gas shells earlier in the day on nonconformists for attempting to attack police headquarters and demanding the unrestricted arrival of the five.
However movement of Person Belonging to essential services such as health, Electricity, PHED, Municipality, Press and Electronic media and to and for movement of flight passengers to airport shall be exempted from the imposition of curfew.
The Tangkhul Naga Long, speaking on behalf of the Tangkhul Naga community, declared in a news release on September 20 that the community had long tolerated the militants’ repeatedly offensive and careless behavior.
On September 20, the Tangkhul Naga Long (TNL) expressed its strong condemnation and reiterated a stern warning against the allegedly unexpected and uncalled-for actions of fully armed Kuki Militants, who have been intimidating workers engaged in restoration and repair work along the Imphal-Ukhrul route as well as stopping and threatening innocent commuters and passengers.
The Tangkhul Naga Long, speaking on behalf of the Tangkhul Naga community, declared in a news release on September 20 that the community had long tolerated the militants’ repeatedly offensive and careless behavior. Despite being wronged, the community had shown the greatest restraint, placing a high value on the maintenance of serenity and peace in the area.
The Tangkhul Naga Long is currently calling for an immediate end to these protests of public annoyance in their area, which has historically been depicted by harmony and perseverance, even in the face of constant adversity.
The statement issued a strong warning to individuals who were included, stating that any inappropriate events caused by their incitements would only be the responsibility of the offenders. Each and every one of the terrible events that might occur would be attributed to them. The Tangkhul Naga Long also urged the Kuki villagers who lived near the Ukhrul-Imphal highway to seriously consider these events and put an end to such disruptions. Failure to do so could lead to responsibility being assumed in the event of any such inappropriate incidents.
In the 21st 100 years, the manner in which individuals shop has gone through a significant change. Conventional physical stores are currently sharing the retail stage with the quickly developing universe of internet business and online retail. This change in customer conduct, powered by progressions in innovation, has reshaped the retail scene. In this article, we will investigate the advancement of online business and online retail, their effect on organizations and customers, and the fate of this steadily growing industry.
The idea of electronic trade, or web based business, can be followed back to the 1960s when organizations began utilizing Electronic Information Exchange (EDI) to trade business archives electronically. Notwithstanding, it was during the 1990s that web based business started to get some forward movement with the approach of the Internet. The send off of online commercial centers like Amazon and eBay denoted the start of another time in retail.
One of the essential drivers of web based business’ prosperity has been the comfort it offers. Customers can peruse a huge range of items, look at costs, and make buys from the solace of their homes or in a hurry by means of cell phones. This comfort, combined with the capacity to get to items from around the world, has drawn in buyers to web based shopping in large numbers.
Online retail encompasses a diverse ecosystem of businesses, from e-commerce giants to small boutique stores. Here are some key players in the online retail space:
Online Commercial centers: Stages like Amazon, eBay, and Alibaba interface purchasers and dealers, giving many items and administrations. These commercial centers offer comfort and trust, settling on them well known decisions for customers.
Physical Retailers Going On the web: Conventional retailers have perceived the significance of an internet based presence. Many laid out physical brands have sent off their internet business sites to arrive at a more extensive client base.
Specialty and Specialty Stores: More modest web-based retailers frequently center around unambiguous specialties or item classifications, taking care of extraordinary client interests. These stores can give specific mastery and organized item determinations.
Direct-to-Purchaser (DTC) Brands: DTC brands have arisen as a strong power in web-based retail. They sell their items straightforwardly to customers, removing middle people and frequently accentuating quality and brand character.
Membership Administrations: Membership box administrations, for example, Birchbox and Blue Cover, offer organized items conveyed consistently to endorsers’ doorsteps. These administrations make a customized and repeating shopping experience.
The rapid adoption of online retail by consumers can be attributed to several key benefits:
Accommodation: The capacity to shop day in and day out from anyplace with a web association is maybe the main benefit of online retail. Customers can stay away from long queues, traffic, and store hours.
Item Assortment: Online retail gives admittance to a huge scope of items, including those not accessible locally. Purchasers can investigate specialty things, worldwide brands, and one of a kind items.
Value Correlation: Customers can without much of a stretch look at costs across changed web-based retailers, permitting them to track down the best arrangements and limits. Cost straightforwardness benefits customers.
Personalization: Numerous internet business stages use information driven calculations to give customized item suggestions, making a more custom-made shopping experience.
Audits and Evaluations: Online customers can peruse item surveys and appraisals from different clients, assisting them with pursuing informed buy choices.
Businesses Embracing E-commerce
Businesses have been quick to recognize the potential of e-commerce as a powerful sales channel. Here’s why e-commerce has become a pivotal part of their strategies:
Worldwide Reach: Web based business permits organizations to arrive at clients past their neighborhood geographic limits. This worldwide reach can prompt significant deals development.
Cost Productivity: Running an internet based store frequently requires less above costs than keeping up with actual areas. Organizations can save money on lease, utilities, and in-store staff.
Information Driven Bits of knowledge: Web based business stages gather important information on client conduct and inclinations. This information can illuminate showcasing methodologies, item advancement, and stock administration.
Adaptability: Internet business organizations can without much of a stretch scale their tasks to oblige development. They can grow their item contributions, arrive at new business sectors, and adjust to evolving request.
Broadening: Online retail permits organizations to expand their income streams. They can sell items, computerized merchandise, memberships, and, surprisingly, offer administrations on the web.
Challenges and Competitive Landscape
While e-commerce offers numerous advantages, it also presents challenges for businesses:
Contest: The simplicity of section into the online business space has prompted extreme rivalry. Organizations should separate themselves through marking, client care, and exceptional contributions.
Operations and Satisfaction: Effective transportation and convenient conveyance are pivotal for consumer loyalty. Laying out a powerful strategies organization can be intricate and exorbitant.
Network safety: Online business stages handle touchy client information, making them alluring focuses for cyberattacks. Guaranteeing information security is a main concern.
Client Trust: Building and it is fundamental to keep up with entrust with online clients. This includes straightforward arrangements, secure installment doors, and responsive client assistance.
Market Immersion: In certain business sectors, certain item classes might be oversaturated, making it trying for new participants to acquire a traction.
Challenges and Competitive Landscape
While e-commerce offers numerous advantages, it also presents challenges for businesses:
Rivalry: The simplicity of section into the internet business space has prompted extraordinary contest. Organizations should separate themselves through marking, client care, and novel contributions.
Operations and Satisfaction: Productive transportation and ideal conveyance are vital for consumer loyalty. Laying out a hearty coordinated factors organization can be complicated and expensive.
Network protection: Online business stages handle delicate client information, making them appealing focuses for cyberattacks. Guaranteeing information security is a main concern.
Client Trust: Building and it is fundamental to keep up with entrust with online clients. This includes straightforward approaches, secure installment doors, and responsive client service.
Market Immersion: In certain business sectors, certain item classifications might be oversaturated, making it trying for new participants to acquire a traction.
The Future of Online Retail
The future of online retail holds exciting possibilities:
Omnichannel Combination: Numerous retailers are investigating the idea of omnichannel retail, where on the web and disconnected encounters are flawlessly coordinated. This incorporates administrations like snap and-gather, virtual attempt ons, and spring up stores.
Increased Reality (AR) and Augmented Reality (VR): AR and VR advancements are being saddled to make vivid internet shopping encounters. Clients can take a stab at garments essentially or picture furniture in their homes.
Voice Trade: Voice-initiated shopping through gadgets like savvy speakers is on the ascent
Establishes groundwork stone of 50 slept with ‘basic consideration blocks’ in 9 areas of Chattisgarh
Disseminates 1 lakh Sickle Cell Directing Cards
“Today, every state and each region of the nation is getting equivalent need being developed”
“Whole world isn’t just seeing yet additionally stacking acclaim on the high speed of present day improvement and the Indian model of social government assistance”
“Chhattisgarh is a force to be reckoned with of improvement of the country”
“Government’s determination to safeguard the timberlands and land while likewise opening new roads of success through backwoods riches”
“We really want to push ahead with the purpose of ‘Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas'”
Pic Source PIB : PM at laying the foundation stone of Railway projects at Raigarh, in Chhattisgarh on September 14, 2023.
Establishes groundwork stone of 50 slept with ‘basic consideration blocks’ in 9 areas of Chattisgarh
The Top state leader, Shri Narendra Modi devoted to the country a few rail area projects worth around Rs 6,350 crore in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh today. He additionally established the groundwork stone of 50 had relations with ‘basic consideration blocks’ in 9 locale of Chattisgarh and disseminated 1 lakh sickle cell advising cards to the screened populace. The rail route projects incorporate Chhattisgarh East Rail Undertaking Stage I, third rail line between Champa to Jamga, third rail line between Pendra Street to Anuppur and MGR (Carousel) framework associating Talaipalli Coal Mineshaft to NTPC Lara Very Nuclear energy Plant (STPS).
Tending to the social occasion, the Head of the state commented that Chhattisgarh is making a critical stride towards improvement as Rail route projects worth more than Rs 6,400 crores are being uncovered in the state. He underlined that different new undertakings are being started today to extend the energy-delivering limit and further develop the medical care area of the state. He additionally referenced the conveyance of Sickle Cell Directing Cards on the event.
The Top state leader accentuated that the whole world isn’t just seeing yet in addition storing acclaim on the high speed of present day advancement and the Indian model of social government assistance. The Head of the state facilitated the world chiefs during the G20 Culmination in New Delhi and referenced that they were exceptionally dazzled by India’s model of advancement and social government assistance. He said that worldwide associations are looking at gaining from India’s victories. The State head credited the equivalent need of the public authority towards the improvement of each and every state and each region of the country for this accomplishment. “This district of Chhattisgarh and Raigarh is likewise an observer to this”, the State leader said as he complimented the residents for the present tasks.
“Chhattisgarh is a force to be reckoned with of improvement of the country”, the Top state leader commented as he noticed that a nation will push ahead provided that its forces to be reckoned with are working good to go. Over the most recent 9 years, the State leader said that the Focal Government has persistently worked for the complex improvement of Chhattisgarh and the aftereffects of that vision and those approaches can be seen here today. He said that enormous plans are being executed in Chhattisgarh in each field by the Focal Government and the establishment stones of new ventures are being laid. The Head of the state visited Raipur in July to establish the groundwork stone of Visakhapatnam to Raipur Financial Hallway and Raipur to Dhanbad Monetary Passageway advancement projects. He additionally referenced the different significant public expressways introduced to the state. “Today, another part is being written in the advancement of Chhattisgarh’s rail line organization”, the Top state leader commented as he referenced that the superior rail organization will diminish the clog in Jharsuguda Bilaspur segment of the Bilaspur-Mumbai rail line. Additionally, the other rail route lines that are being begun and the rail passageways that are being assembled will give new levels to the modern advancement of Chhattisgarh, he said. He expressed that upon culmination, these courses won’t just give accommodation to individuals of Chhattisgarh however will likewise make new business and pay valuable open doors in the district.
The State head featured that the expense and season of moving coal from coalfields to drive plants will be diminished. To produce greatest power for minimal price, the Top state leader informed that the public authority is likewise fabricating Pit Head Nuclear energy Station. He additionally addressed the initiation of the 65 km Carousel undertaking to associate the Talaipalli Mine and said that the quantity of such activities will just expansion in the nation and states like Chhattisgarh will help the most in the times to come.
Talking about the determination to change India into a created country in the following 25 years of Amrit Kaal, the Top state leader stressed the requirement for equivalent cooperation from each resident towards improvement. He featured gathering the energy needs of the country while safeguarding the climate simultaneously and referenced the shut coal mineshaft in Surajpur locale which has been created as a component of Eco-The travel industry. He referenced that work is in progress to create a comparable eco-park in Korwa too. Talking about the advantages for the ancestral segment of this area, the Top state leader featured the water system and drinking water offices being furnished to large number of individuals with the water let out of the mines.
The State head underlined that it is the Public authority’s purpose to safeguard the backwoods and land while additionally opening new roads of thriving through timberland abundance. Alluding to the Vandhan Vikas Yojana, Shri Modi stressed that lakhs of ancestral youth are profiting from the plan. He additionally addressed the world observing Millet Year and featured the developing capability of Shree Anna or millets market before long. He expressed that from one viewpoint, the ancestral practice of the nation is getting another personality while then again, new ways of progress are additionally taking care of business.
Talking about the effect of sickle cell iron deficiency on the ancestral populace, the Head of the state underlined that the dissemination of sickle cell directing cards is a gigantic step for the ancestral society as spreading data can help in controlling the illness. Closing the location, the State head focused on the need to push ahead with the determination of ‘Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas’ and communicated certainty that Chhattisgarh will arrive at new levels of advancement.
Association Clergyman of State for Ancestral Undertakings, Smt Renuka Singh Saruta and Vice president Pastor of Chhattisgarh, Shri T S Singhdeo were available on the event among others.
Foundation
The State head’s accentuation on further developing network the nation over will get a lift with the commitment to the country of significant rail area projects worth around Rs 6,350 crores in the public program in Raigarh. The activities incorporate Chhattisgarh East Rail Venture Stage I, third rail line between Champa to Jamga, third rail line between Pendra Street to Anuppur and MGR (Carousel) framework associating Talaipalli Coal Mineshaft to NTPC Lara Very Nuclear energy Plant (STPS). The rail tasks will give impulse to financial advancement by working with the development of travelers as well as cargo traffic in the locale.
Chhattisgarh East Rail Task Stage I is being created under the aggressive PM GatiShakti – Public Ground breaking strategy for multi-modular network and comprises of a 124.8 km rail line from Kharsia to Dharamjaygarh including a prod line to Gare-Pelma and 3 feeder lines associating Chhal, Baroud, Durgapur and other coal mineshafts. The rail line, worked at an expense of around Rs. 3,055 crore is outfitted with zapped expansive check level intersections and free part twofold line with traveler conveniences. It will give rail network to coal transportation from Mand-Raigarh coalfields situated in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh.
The third rail line between Pendra Street to Anuppur is 50 km long and is worked at an expense of about Rs 516 crore. The 98-kilometer-long third line among Champa and Jamga rail segment is worked at an expense of around 796 crores. The new rail lines will further develop availability in the locale and lead to an expansion in both the travel industry and work valuable open doors.
The 65-km-long electric MGR (Carousel) Framework will convey minimal expense, high-grade coal from NTPC’s Talaipalli coal mineshaft to 1600 MW NTPC Lara Very Nuclear energy Plant in Chhattisgarh. This will support the age of minimal expense and dependable power from NTPC Lara, hence fortifying the energy security of the country. The MGR framework, worked at an expense of more than Rs 2070 crore, is an innovative wonder for further developing coal transportation from coal mineshafts to drive stations.
During the program, the State head likewise established the groundwork stone of 50 had relations with ‘basic consideration blocks’ in 9 locale of Chattisgarh. The nine Basic Consideration Blocks will be worked under Pradhan Mantri – Ayushman Bharat Wellbeing Framework Mission (PM-ABHIM) at Durg, Kondagaon, Rajnandgaon, Gariaband, Jashpur, Surajpur, Surguja, Bastar and Raigarh Locale, at an all out cost of more than Rs 210 crores.
With an intend to address the medical problems brought about by sickle cell infection, particularly among the ancestral populace, the Head of the state dispersed one lakh sickle cell advising cards to the screened populace. The appropriation of sickle cell directing cards is being finished under the Public Sickle Cell Sickliness Disposal Mission (NSAEM), which was sent off by the Top state leader in July 2023 at Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh.
In the dynamic world of modern business, staying competitive requires more than just intuition and instinct. Business intelligence (BI) has emerged as a critical tool for informed decision-making, helping organizations leverage data-driven insights to enhance profitability, optimize operations, and gain a competitive edge. In this article, we delve into the transformative potential of business intelligence in driving financial success and strategic growth.
Business intelligence encompasses a range of technologies, processes, and strategies that enable organizations to collect, analyze, and transform raw data into meaningful insights. It involves the integration of data from various sources, such as internal databases, market trends, customer behaviors, and industry benchmarks. These insights guide decision-makers in understanding patterns, identifying opportunities, and making informed choices that align with organizational goals.
The cornerstone of BI is its capacity to empower decision-makers with actionable insights derived from data analysis. Every business transaction generates data, and when harnessed effectively, this data becomes a strategic asset. BI tools provide real-time dashboards, reports, and visualizations that offer a comprehensive view of financial performance, allowing organizations to identify trends, anomalies, and areas of improvement.
For instance, BI can help retailers optimize inventory levels by analyzing historical sales data and predicting demand patterns. This prevents overstocking, reduces carrying costs, and minimizes the risk of stockouts, ultimately enhancing the bottom line.
Customer-Centric Strategies
In the age of personalized experiences, understanding customer preferences is essential. BI enables businesses to gain a deep understanding of customer behaviors, preferences, and pain points. By analyzing customer data, companies can tailor their marketing efforts, improve customer service, and launch products that resonate with their target audience.
Furthermore, BI supports customer segmentation, allowing businesses to identify high-value customers and design targeted strategies to retain their loyalty. This personalized approach not only enhances customer satisfaction but also drives revenue growth.
Operational Efficiency and Cost Reduction
BI’s impact on financial gain extends to operational efficiency and cost reduction. By analyzing operational data, organizations can identify bottlenecks, inefficiencies, and areas of waste in their processes. Streamlining these processes not only improves productivity but also reduces operational costs.
For example, BI can optimize supply chain management by identifying the most cost-effective suppliers, monitoring inventory levels, and minimizing lead times. These improvements result in reduced procurement costs and enhanced order fulfillment.
Market Insights and Competitive Advantage
BI equips businesses with a clear understanding of market trends, competitive landscapes, and emerging opportunities. Through data analysis, organizations can identify shifts in consumer preferences, assess competitors’ strategies, and anticipate market trends.
This proactive approach enables businesses to pivot swiftly and capitalize on emerging trends, giving them a competitive advantage. BI can uncover untapped markets, identify gaps in the competition, and inform strategic planning to exploit these opportunities.
Risk Management and Compliance
Effective risk management is integral to financial success. BI tools can provide insights into potential risks by analyzing historical data, market fluctuations, and regulatory changes. By identifying risks early, organizations can take preventive measures, devise contingency plans, and reduce the financial impact of unforeseen events.
Moreover, BI assists in ensuring compliance with industry regulations and standards. Non-compliance can lead to costly fines and reputational damage, making BI an indispensable tool in mitigating financial risks.
Investment and Resource Allocation
Business intelligence aids in optimizing resource allocation by evaluating the return on investment (ROI) of various projects and initiatives. By analyzing historical data, organizations can assess the success of past projects, identify areas of underperformance, and allocate resources to initiatives with higher growth potential.
Additionally, BI supports capital budgeting decisions by providing insights into the profitability and feasibility of proposed investments. This data-driven approach reduces the likelihood of investing in projects that yield suboptimal returns.
The Role of Technology in Business Intelligence
Advances in technology have revolutionized the field of business intelligence. Cloud computing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced the capabilities of BI tools. Cloud-based BI platforms offer scalability and accessibility, enabling organizations of all sizes to harness the power of data analytics without heavy infrastructure investments.
Machine learning and AI algorithms enable predictive and prescriptive analytics, allowing organizations to forecast future trends, simulate scenarios, and make proactive decisions. These technologies enhance the accuracy and speed of data analysis, enabling real-time decision-making in fast-paced business environments.
Challenges and Considerations
While business intelligence offers substantial financial benefits, it’s important to address challenges such as data quality, integration, and security. Ensuring that data sources are accurate, consistent, and up-to-date is essential for reliable insights. Integrating data from disparate sources can be complex, requiring robust data integration strategies.
Moreover, safeguarding data privacy and security is critical. BI systems often deal with sensitive business and customer data, making data governance and cybersecurity paramount considerations.
Conclusion: Capitalizing on Insights for Financial Success
In the era of data-driven decision-making, business intelligence has emerged as a cornerstone of financial success and strategic growth. By leveraging data-driven insights, organizations can optimize operations, enhance customer experiences, and gain a competitive edge. The integration of technology, the power of analytics
In the dynamic landscape of modern business, success is often determined by more than just financial figures. The human element, particularly the level of employee engagement, plays a crucial role in driving overall business performance and growth. In this article, we will delve into the significance of employee engagement, explore its benefits, and provide actionable strategies for fostering a culture of engagement within your organization.
Employee engagement goes beyond job satisfaction. It refers to the emotional commitment and connection employees feel towards their work, their team, and the organization as a whole. Engaged employees are motivated, enthusiastic, and fully invested in their roles, leading to increased productivity and positive outcomes.
Benefits of Employee Engagement:
Enhanced Productivity: Engaged employees are more focused, proactive, and committed to achieving their goals. They go the extra mile to deliver quality work, leading to higher levels of productivity.
Reduced Turnover: A strong culture of engagement contributes to higher employee retention rates. When employees feel valued and connected, they are less likely to seek opportunities elsewhere.
Inventiveness and Ingenuity: Employees with high engagement levels often exhibit a knack for devising inventive solutions and displaying resourcefulness. Their sense of ownership and commitment fosters a culture of continuous improvement.
Customer Satisfaction: Engaged employees provide better customer service. Their positive attitude and dedication reflect in their interactions with clients, leading to improved customer satisfaction.
Positive Work Environment: Employee engagement promotes a positive and inclusive work environment, which in turn boosts morale and overall job satisfaction.
Strategies for Fostering Employee Engagement:
Effective Communication: Transparent and open communication channels ensure that employees are well-informed about company updates, goals, and their individual contributions to the organization’s success.
Recognition and Appreciation: Regularly acknowledge and appreciate employees for their hard work and achievements. Recognize their efforts through both formal programs and informal expressions of gratitude.
Professional Development: Provide opportunities for skill development and career growth. Engaged employees are often those who see a clear path for advancement within the organization.
Promote Self-Determination: Instill empowerment by including employees in decisions and encouraging them to take control of their work. Feeling trusted and valued enhances their engagement.
Work-Life Balance: Prioritize a healthy work-life balance by offering flexible work arrangements and wellness programs. A balanced lifestyle contributes to improved job satisfaction and engagement.
Team Building: Foster a sense of camaraderie and teamwork through team-building activities, workshops, and collaborative projects. Strong relationships among team members contribute to a positive work environment.
Feedback Mechanisms: Establish a feedback loop where employees can share their thoughts, concerns, and suggestions. Regular feedback sessions help address issues and demonstrate that their opinions matter.
Conclusion:
Investing in employee engagement is not just a feel-good gesture; it’s a strategic decision that directly impacts business success. Engaged employees are more likely to stay loyal, work harder, and contribute creatively to the organization’s growth. By implementing thoughtful strategies that prioritize employee well-being, development, and recognition, businesses can harness the power of engagement to drive performance and achieve sustainable success in the competitive market.
By A.Romen Kumar Singh, IPS(Retd) Senior Advocate High Court of Manipur
The administration of the tribal areas in the North East Region which were earlier known as “BACKWARD TRACTS” has a history of its own.The constitution of India aims at the formation of egalitarian order, free from exploitation, the fundamental equality of humans and to provide support to the weaker sections of the society. Schedule VI has been inserted in the Constitution to provide protective umbrella to the tribal for their social emancipation.
Constitution of District Councils and Regional Councils
3
Paragraph III
Powers of the District Councils and Regional Councils
4
Paragraph IV
Administration of Justice in Autonomous Districts and Autonomous Regions
5
Paragraph V
Conferment of Powers under the code of Civil Procedure, 1908 and the code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 now 1973 (Act of 1974) on the Regional and District Councils are on certain courts and officers for the trails of certain suits, cases and offences
6
Paragraph VI
Powers of the District Councils to establish primary schools etc.
7
Paragraph VII
District and Regional Funds
8
Paragraph VIII
Powers to assess and collect revenue and to impose taxes
9
Paragraph IX
Licenses or leases for the purpose of prospecting for or extracting of minerals
10
Paragraph X
Powers of District Council to make regulating for the control of money-lending and trading by non-tribals
11
Paragraph XI
Publication of laws, rules and regulations made under the schedule
12
Paragraph XII
Application of Acts of Parliament and of the Legislature of the State of Assam to Autonomous Districts and Autonomous Regions in the State of Assam
12-A
Paragraph 12-A
Application of Acts of Parliament and of the Legislature of the State of Meghalaya to Autonomous Districts and Autonomous Region in the State of Meghalaya
12A-A
Paragraph 12A-A
Application of Acts of Parliament and of the Legislature of the State of Tripura to Autonomous Districts and Autonomous Region in the State of Tripura
12-B
Paragraph 12-B
Application of Acts of Parliament and of the Legislature of the State of Mizoram to Autonomous Districts and Autonomous Region in the State of Mizoram
13
Paragraph 13
Estimated receipts and expenditure pertaining to Autonomous Districts to be shown separately in the annual financial statement
14
Paragraph 14
Appointment of commission to inquiry into and report on the Administration of Autonomous Districts and Autonomous Regions
15
Paragraph 15
Amendment of Suspension of Acts and resolution of District and Regional Councils
16
Paragraph 16
Dissolution of a District or a Regional Council
17
Paragraph 17
Exclusion of areas from Autonomous Districts in forming constituencies in such Districts
19
Paragraph 19
Transitional provision
20
Paragraph 20
Tribal areas
20-A
Paragraph 20-A
Dissolution of the Mizo District Council
20-B
Paragraph 20-B
Autonomous Regions in the Union Territory of Mizoram to be Autonomous Districts and transitory provisions consequent thereto
20-C
Paragraph 20-C
Interpretation
21
Paragraph 21
Amendment of the Schedule
PROTECTIVE UMBRELLA UNDER SIXTH SCHEDULE IS NOT FOR ALL TRIBALS
The constitutional protective umbrella under the Sixth Schedule is not extended to all the tribals. It is extended only to those tribals who are still primitive, educationally, socially, economically backward and away from social mainstream. Any claim made contrary to the above will jeopardise and endanger the long constitutional mandate of the Sixth Schedule hallowed by time and sanctified by the desire of the Founding Fathers of the Constitution.
ROLE OF THE GOVERNOR, PRESIDENTAND STATE LEGISLATURE
Role of the Governor
The Governor occupies a pivotal and key position in the administration of tribal areas under the provisions of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution. An analysis of the provisions of the Sixth Schedule clearly demonstrate that at every stage, the Governor has to perform a very important role and nothing effective and meaningful action can be taken without involvement of the Governor. It is useful to note the various powers exercised by the Governor under the provisions of the Sixth Schedule and they are as under:
1. The Governor may divide area of District Council into Autonomous Regions [para 1(2)]
2. He may issue notification for inclusion, exclusion, creation, increase, decrease, unite or define areas of District Council or alter the name of any District Council. [paragraph 1(3)]
3. The Governor can nominate four members in each District Council who hold office at his pleasure. [Paragraph 2(1) and 2(6A)]
4. The Governor is empowered to frame of rules for the first constitution of District Council or the Regional Council. [Paragraph 2(6)]
5. The Governor is required to approve the rules made by the District Council and the Regional Council for composition and delimitation of the District and the Regional Council, qualification term of officeetc. of its members and generally for all matters regulating thetransaction of business pertaining to the administration of the district. [Paragraph 2(7)]
6. Laws made by the District Council and the Regional Council have no force of law unless assented by the Governor. [Paragraph 3(3)]
7. The Governor may specify the extent of jurisdiction of the High Court over suit and cases tried by District Council Courts. [Paragraph 4(3)]
8. Rules made by the District Council and the Regional Council regarding constitution, procedure etc. of the Village Council and District Council Court are required to be approved by the Governor. [Paragraph 4(4)]
9. The Governor may confer power under CPC and Cr.P.C. on the District Council Courts for trial of specified nature of cases and may also withdraw or modify the same. [Paragraph 5]
10. The Regulations for the regulation and control of primary schools, dispensaries, markets, road transport, waterways etc can be framed by the District Council only with the previous approval of the Governor. [Paragraph 6(1)]
11. The Governor may entrust, conditionally or unconditionally, all or any of the executive powers available to the State to the District Council or its officers with the consent of the District Council. [Paragraph 6(2)]
12. The Governor may make rules for the management of District and Regional Fund. [Paragraph 7(2)]
13. Regulations framed by the District and Regional Council for levy and collection of taxes require assent of the Governor to have the force of law. [Paragraph 8(4)]
14. Dispute between District Council and Regional Council in the case of royalty for extraction of minerals, such dispute is required to be referred to the Governor and the decision of Governor is final. [Paragraph 9(2)]
15. The Governors of Tripura and Mizoram may prescribe the period within which the royalty acquiring from grant of lease for extraction of minerals is to be shared between the State Government and District Council. [Paragraph 9(3)]
16. Regulations framed by the District Council for the control of money lending and trading by nontribals require assent of the Governor to have the force of law. [Paragraph 10(3)]
17. The Governor of Assam is empowered to direct that any Act of Parliament or of the State Legislature (other than matters specified in paragraph 3 and legislation prohibiting or restricting the consumption of any non-distilled alcoholic liquor) shall not apply to an autonomous district or an autonomous region or shall apply, subject to such exceptions or modifications, as may be notified. [Paragraph 12 (1)(b)]
18. The Governors of Tripura and Mizoram are empowered to direct that any Act of the State Legislature, (other than matters specified in paragraph 3 and legislation prohibiting or restricting the consumption of any non-distilled alcoholic liquor) shall not apply to an autonomous district or an autonomous region or shall apply, subject to such exceptions or modifications, as may be notified. [Paragraph 12AA(b) & Paragraph 12B(b)]
19. The Governor may appoint a Commission to enquire into the administration of Autonomous District/Regions. [Paragraph 14(1)]
20. Report of Commission appointed under paragraph 14 is required to be laid before the State Legislature with the recommendation of the Governor (except in case of State of Assam) with respect thereto. [Paragraph 14(2)]
21. The Governor may place one of the ministers in charge of the welfare of the autonomous District/Region in the State. [Paragraph 14(3)]
22. The Governor may annul and /or suspend of acts and resolution of the District and Regional Council, if such act or resolution is likely to endanger the safety of India or prejudicial to the public order. [Paragraph 15(1)]
23. The Governor may dissolve a District or Regional Council and assume to himself all or any of the functions or powers of the District or the Regional Council on the recommendation of the Commission appointed under paragraph 14. [Paragraph 16(1)]
24. Governor may dissolve a District or Regional Council and assume to himself all or any of the functions or powers of the District or the Regional Council, if he satisfied that the administration of the autonomous district or region cannot be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution. [Paragraph 16(2)]
25. The Governor may declare that any area within an autonomous district shall not form part of any constituency to fill a seat or seats in the Assembly reserved for any such district, but shall form part of a constituency to fill a seat or seats in the Assembly not so reserved to be specified in the order for the purposes of elections to the Legislative Assembly of the State. [Paragraph 17)]
26. The Governor under paragraph 18 was authorized to apply the provisions of the Sixth Schedule to Part B areas (as originally framed). Further, the Governor was to administer these areas, in his discretion, as an agent of the President. However Paragraph 18 has been omitted by the North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971. [Paragraph 18)]
27. The Governor was required to constitute District Council for each autonomous district as soon as possible and until constitution of District Council, the administration of such district vested in the Governor. [Paragraph 19)]
Governor to act on aid and advice of Council of Ministers
Having noticed the important and pivotal role played by the Governor in the working of the Sixth Schedule, it is necessary to understand, whether the Governor discharges the said function in his personal discretion or on the aid and advice of the Council of the Minister as provided the Article 163 of the Constitution. Article 163 of the Constitution reads as under:
“163. Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor. –
There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions, except insofar as he is by or under this Constitution required to exercise his functions or any of them in his discretion.
If any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is by or under this Constitution required to act in his discretion, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in his discretion.
The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered by Ministers to the Governor shall not be inquired into in any court.”
There has been extensive debate on this issue in the Constituent Assembly. Under the scheme of the Government of India Act, 1935, the Governor was to act in his discretion [vide section 93(3)] so far as the excluded areas are concerned, and he had a special responsibility to make regulation for peace and good government [vide section 92(2)] as regards the partially excluded areas. However, departure was made in the Draft Constitution and discretionary power of the Governor was retained only with respect to annulment and suspension of acts and resolutions of District Council (draft paragraphs 15) and as regards of Constitution of District Council for each autonomous region (draft paragraph 18). But during the course of the debate in the Assembly, Dr. Ambedkar himself moved for deletion of these provisions from the two paragraphs. The discretion was confined only while administering the areas, specified in Part B of the Table appended to Paragraph 20 and as regards resolution of dispute between District Council and State Government in the matter of share of royalty for extracting minerals under paragraph 9(2). For rest of the provisions Dr. Ambedkar stated that “wherever the word Governor occurs, it means Governor acting on the advice on the ministry”.
POWER OF GOVERNOR IS NOT INDEPENDENT OF REST OF CONSTITUTION – GOVERNOR IS BOUND BY ADVICE GIVEN BY COUNCIL OF MINISTERS.
PU MYLLAL HLYCHHO V. State of Mizoram A.I.R. 2005 SC 1537 Constitution Bench
In the instant case, the nominated members of the Autonomous District Council held office during the pleasure of the Governor and the Council of Minsters advised the Governor to terminate the membership of these appellants and all relevant records were placed before the Governor. The relevant papers show that the contents of all the relevant files were brought to the knowledge of the Governor and he accepted the advice of the council of Ministers. As the Governor was not left with any discretionary power, he was bound by the advice given by the Council of Minister. The termination of the members from council by Governor is proper.
The above judgement has been delivered by relying upon the judgement of 7 Judges of the Supreme Court as reported in Shamshar Singh V. State of Punjab, (1974)2 SCC 831.
APPOINTMENT IN SCHEDULED AREAS
STATE GOVERNMENT MAKING 100% RESERVATION FOR THE LOCAL CANDIDATES/RESIDENTS OF SCHEDULED AREAS IN THE STATE IS VIOLATIVE OF ARTICLE 16(1)AND (2) OF THE CONSTITUTION.
StyajitKumar V. State of Jharkhand 2022(1) SCALE 640
For appointment of trained graduate teachers in the State of Jharkhand, the Governor has issued under Para 5 of the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India making 100% reservation for the local candidates/residents of the Scheduled Areas.
The Supreme Court held that the Governor as conferred in Para 5(1) of the Fifth Schedule of the constitution of India cannot issue notification making 100% reservation for the local candidates/residents of the scheduled areas in the state of Jharkhand being violative of Article 16(1) & (2) of the constitution of India.
NO LAW MANDATES THAT ONLY TRIBAL TEACHERS SHOULD TEACH IN SCHEDULED AREAS
CHEBROLU LEELA PRASAD RAO Vs State of Andhra Pradesh (2022) 11 SCC 401
The Founding Fathers never envisaged reservation of all seats-The Constitution aims at the formation of egalitarian order, free from exploitation, the fundamental equality of humans and to provide support to the weaker sections of the society and where from there is a disparity to make them equal by providing protective discrimination- The Constitution in the historic perspective leans in favour of providing equality and those aims sought to be achieved by the constitution by giving special protection to the socially and economically backward classes by providing a protective umbrella for their social emancipation and providing them equal justice ensuring right of equality by providing helping hand to them by way of reservation measures. But no law mandates that only tribal teachers will teach in the Scheduled Areas – Such action differs the logic. Another reason given is the phenomenal absenteeism of teachers in schools – That could not have a ground for providing 100% reservation to the tribal teachers in the Scheduled Areas.
POWER OF THE GOVERNOR TO EXTEND THE TERM OF COUNCIL UNDER PARAGRAPH 2(6A) OF SCHEDULE VI IS DISCRETIONARY
JatankumarThaosen Vs State of Assam,(2009)4 GLR 556
The Division Bench of the Guwahati High Court held that power of the Governor to extend the term of the council is discretionary. Power could be exercised by the Governor in his discretion provided he is of the opinion that circumstances exist which render the holding of the election impracticable.
PROCLAMATION OF GOVERNORS’S RULES IN GARO HILLS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT COUNCIL WITHOUT BASING ON MATERIAL THAT ADMINISTRATION OF AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT COUNCIL CANNOT BE CARRIED ON, IS ILLEGAL
ROYNATH D. SANGMA Vs State of Meghalaya, 2010(6) GLJ 683
The Guwahati High Court held Proclamation of Governor’s Rule under Paragraph 16(2) of the Sixth Schedule in Garo Hills Autonomous District Council without basing on material that the administration of Autonomous District Council, Garo Hills cannot be carried on in accordance with the provision of Sixth Schedule, is illegal.
Role of the President
In our Constitutional scheme, The Governor is appointed by the President and holds office during pleasure of the President. It has been noticed about that the Governor has all pervasive role over the working of the District Council under the Sixth Schedule, yet in certain cases power has been conferred on the President. In some matters the Governor is required to act on the basis of the recommendation of President, and in some other matters the President is empowered to act directly. The role of President in the functioning of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution may be summarized hereunder: –
Law enacted by the North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council, Kabi Anglong Autonomous Council and Bodo Territorial Council relating to matters specified in List III of the Seventh Schedule are required to be reserved by the Governor for the Consideration of the President and when a law is reserved for the consideration of the President, the President may give assent to the such law or withhold the assent or suggest District Council to reconsider the law or introduce amendments on specific provisions. [Paragraph 3A(2)(3) & Paragraph 3B(2)(3)]
President has been conferred with power to issue notification amending sub paragraphs (1) to (4) of paragraph 4 (dealing with administration of justice) in relation to such autonomous district or region, as may be specified in the notification, after consulting the concerned State Government. [Paragraph 4(5)]
The powers of the Governor available under paragraph 5(1) (conferring powers under C.P.C. and Cr.P.C. on District Council Courts) can be withdrawn on and from the date appointed by the President in the notification. [Paragraph 5(4)]
The President, with respect of any Act of Parliament, may to issue notification, directing that the any such Act will not apply to Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram or shall apply with such exception or modification, as may be specified in the notification. [Paragraph 12A(b),12AA(c) &12B(c)]
The Governor under paragraph 18 was authorized to apply the provisions of the Sixth Schedule to Part B areas (as originally framed), subject previous approval of the President. Further, the Governor was to administer these areas till application of the provisions of the Sixth Schedule to such areas, as an agent of the President. However Paragraph 18 has been omitted by the North Eastern Areas reorganization Act. 1971. [Paragraph 18)]
Regulation made by the Governor for peace and good government of any area, before District Councils were constituted, required assent of the President to have the force of law. [Paragraph 19(3)]
Role of State Legislature
The provisions of the Sixth Schedule has been termed as mini Constitution and the District Council constituted under it possess legislative, executive as well as judicial power. State legislature has minimal role over the functioning of the District Council. Under the provision of paragraph 12, 12AA and 12B, the laws passed by the State legislature of Assam, Tripura and Mizoram are contrary to legislation passed by the District Council, the State legislation are not applicable unless so directed by the District Council. However in case of State of Meghalaya, the State legislation has supremacy over the laws enacted by the District Council under paragraph 12A. Despite the above position, the State legislature has the following functions to perform:
The estimated receipts and expenditure pertaining to autonomous district is to be shown separately in the annual financial statement of State which is to be laid before the State Legislature. (Paragraph 13)
Report of the Commission appointed under paragraph 14 (regarding creation, increase, decrease or uniting areas of District Council, and regarding administration of Autonomous District/Regions) is required to be laid before the State Legislature. [Paragraph 14(2)]
Order of the Governor annulling and /or suspending any acts and resolution of the District and Regional Council (if such act or resolution is likely to endanger the safety of India or prejudicial to the public order) is to be laid before the State legislature as soon as possible with reasons therefore who can revoke such order of the Governor. [Paragraph 15(2)]
The Governor may assume to himself all or any of the functions or powers of the District or the Regional Council on the recommendation of the Commission appointed under paragraph 14 only after the concerned District or Regional Council is given an opportunity to place its views before the State legislature. [Paragraph 16(1)]
The order of the Governor dissolving a District or Regional Council on the satisfaction that the administration of the autonomous district/region cannot be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution is also required to be laid before the State legislature, and such order ceases to operate on the expire of thirty days from the date on which the State legislature first sits after the issue of the order, unless approved before the said period. [Paragraph 16(3)].
TRIAL BY FIRST-TRACK COURT UNDER SCHEDULE VI-NO JURISDICTION
Everest LyndohNongpur Vs State of Meghalaya, 2009(4) GLT 514
The Guwahati High Court held that First Track Court are not empowered under Sixth Schedule of the Constitution to try offence involving tribal under Paras 4 and 5. Such courts do not have jurisdiction to try offenses where victim of offense as well as accused are tribal.
DISTRICT COUNCIL IS NOT CLOTHED WITH PLENARY POWER OF LEGISLATION LIKE PARLIAMENT AND STATE LEGISLATURES:
The District Council of V.K. & J, Hills, Shillong V. Miss SITIMON SAWAN A.I.R. 1972 S.C. 787 5 Judges.
The Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court held that the District Councils unlike the Parliament and the State Legislatures are not intended to be clothed with plenary power of legislation. Their power to make laws is expressly limited by the provisions of the Sixth Schedule which has created them and they can do nothing beyond the limits which circumscribe their power. It is beyond the domain of the courts to enlarge constructively their power to make laws
SIXTH SCHEDULE – PARAGRAPH 3(1) CLAUSE (A) LAND COMPRISED IN AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT COUNCIL BELONGS TO STATE NOT DISTRICT COUNCIL – DISTRICT COUNCIL CANNOT EVICT PERSON IN OCCUPATION.
UDALDAS PANIKAPRALLAD CHANDRA DAS V. KARBI ANGLONG DISTRICT COUNCIL (1990)1 GLR 78
The Division Bench of the Gauhati High Court held that land comprised in autonomous District Council belongs to State and not District Council. Eviction person in occupation of the land by District Council by issuing vague notice without giving reasonable opportunity to occupants is hereby quashed.
